Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental health condition characterized by uncontrollable, intrusive thoughts known as obsessions and repetitive behaviors called compulsions, performed to reduce anxiety. OCD can significantly interfere with daily life, work, and relationships.

Symptoms of OCD

Obsessions (Unwanted, Repetitive Thoughts)

• Fear of germs, contamination, or dirt
• Unwanted aggressive or harmful thoughts
• Fear of making mistakes or forgetting things
• Need for symmetry, order, or exactness
• Intrusive sexual, religious, or taboo thoughts

Compulsions (Repetitive Actions to Reduce Anxiety)

• Excessive hand washing or cleaning
• Repeatedly checking locks, appliances, or switches
• Counting, tapping, or repeating words silently
• Arranging objects in a precise manner
• Seeking reassurance or avoiding triggers

Causes & Risk Factors of OCD

• Genetics – Family history of OCD or anxiety disorders
• Brain Functioning – Imbalance in serotonin levels
• Infections & Autoimmune Disorders – PANDAS in children
• Stress & Trauma – Emotional stress, abuse, or major life events

Diagnosis & Treatment Options

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

• Exposure & Response Prevention (ERP) – Gradual exposure to fears without performing compulsions
• Cognitive Therapy – Changing negative thought patterns

Medications

• Fluoxetine (Prozac)
• Sertraline (Zoloft)
• Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
• Paroxetine (Paxil)
• Clomipramine (Anafranil)

Advanced Treatments

• Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
• Used in severe, treatment-resistant OCD cases

Lifestyle & Self-Help Strategies

• Regular exercise and meditation to reduce stress
• Healthy diet and proper sleep schedule
• Journaling intrusive thoughts and responses
• Family education and emotional support